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Robot Operating System (ROS) is a collection of software frameworks for robot software development, (see also Robotics middleware) providing operating system-like functionality on a heterogeneous computer cluster. ROS provides standard operating system services such as hardware abstraction, low-level device control, implementation of commonly used functionality, message-passing between processes, and package management. Running sets of ROS-based processes are represented in a graph architecture where processing takes place in nodes that may receive, post and multiplex sensor, control, state, planning, actuator and other messages. Despite the importance of reactivity and low latency in robot control, ROS, itself, is ''not'' a Realtime OS, though it is possible to integrate ROS with realtime code.〔ROS-Introduction http://wiki.ros.org/ROS/Introduction〕 Software in the (ROS Ecosystem ) can be separated into three groups: * language- and platform-independent tools used for building and distributing ROS-based software; * ROS client library implementations such as (roscpp ), (rospy ), and (roslisp ); * packages containing application-related code which uses one or more ROS (client libraries ). Both the language-independent tools and the main client libraries (C++, Python, LISP) are released under the terms of the BSD license, and as such are open source software and free for both commercial and research use. The majority of other packages are licensed under a variety of open source licenses. These other packages implement commonly used functionality and applications such as hardware drivers, robot models, datatypes, planning, perception, simultaneous localization and mapping, simulation tools, and other algorithms. The main ROS client libraries (C++, Python, LISP) are geared toward a Unix-like system, due primarily because of their dependence on large collections of open-source software dependencies. For these client libraries, Ubuntu Linux is listed as "Supported" while other variants such as Fedora Linux, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows are designated "Experimental" and are supported by the community. The native Java ROS client library, (rosjava ), however, does not share these limitations and has enabled ROS-based software to be written for the Android OS. rosjava has also enabled ROS to be integrated into an officially-supported MATLAB toolbox which can be used on Linux, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows. A JavaScript client library, (roslibjs ) has also been developed which enables integration of software into a ROS system via any standards-compliant web browser. == History == ROS was originally developed in 2007 under the name ''switchyard'' by the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in support of the Stanford AI Robot STAIR (STanford AI Robot) 〔STanford Artificial Intelligence Robot http://stair.stanford.edu/〕〔 〕 project. From 2008 until 2013, development was performed primarily at Willow Garage, a robotics research institute/incubator. During that time, researchers at more than twenty institutions collaborated with Willow Garage engineers in a federated development model.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Repositories )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ROS: an open-source Robot Operating System )〕 In February 2013, ROS stewardship transitioned to the Open Source Robotics Foundation. In August 2013, a blog posting announced that Willow Garage would be absorbed by another company started by its founder, Suitable Technologies. The support responsibilities for the PR2 created by Willow Garage were also subsequently taken over by Clearpath Robotics. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robot Operating System」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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